Travel guides / When things go wrong

Lost, delayed or damaged baggage: what to do

If your bag doesn't come off the belt, report it before you leave the airport. Quick reports and receipts make claims much easier.

At the airport

• Go to the airline's baggage service desk before leaving the arrivals area.
• File a report and get a copy with a file reference number.
• Ask what the airline will pay for essentials while you wait, such as toiletries and clothes.

Deadlines

On international flights, the Montreal Convention sets short deadlines: report damage in writing within 7 days of getting the bag, and a delay within 21 days of when the bag was delivered. Airlines usually treat a bag as lost after about 21 days. File as soon as you can.

What airlines pay

For international trips, airline liability is capped under the Montreal Convention at 1,519 Special Drawing Rights per passenger (about $2,000; the amount moves with exchange rates) since December 28, 2024. You must show what was lost and its value. US domestic flights have their own federal limit, which the DOT publishes. Airlines often exclude valuables and electronics, so keep those in your carry-on.

Refund of the bag fee

Under US rules, airlines must refund a checked bag fee if the bag is significantly delayed.

Protect your luggage

• Put your name and phone number inside and outside each bag.
• Take a photo of your bag and its contents.
• Pack medicines, documents, chargers and one change of clothes in your carry-on.
• A tracking tag can help you show the airline where your bag is.

Handy tools

• Baggage weight checker
• Packing list maker

Keep reading

• Lost or stolen passport abroad: what to do
• Flight delayed or cancelled: your rights and refunds
• REAL ID: do you need one to fly in the US?

Sources

• U.S. DOT: Aviation consumer protection (baggage)

Rules, fees and processing times change. Check the official sources above before you travel. Last checked October 2026.